Some Skills and Experiences of CNC Lathe Machining
First, programming skills
Because I plant on the processing of products require a higher precision, so the programming need to consider the following issues:
1. Processing order of parts:
The first flat after drilling (which is to prevent drilling when the shrinkage);
First rough car, and then fine car (this is to ensure the accuracy of parts);
The first processing tolerances are large for the final machining tolerances (this is to ensure that the small tolerance surface is not scratched and the parts are deformed).
2. According to the hardness of the material to choose a reasonable speed, feed and cutting depth:
1) carbon steel material selection high speed, high feed, large cutting depth. Such as: 1Gr11, select S1600, F0.2, cut deep 2mm;
2) Carbide Select low speed, low feed, small cut deep. Such as: GH4033, select S800, F0.08, cut depth 0.5mm;
3) titanium alloy selection low speed, high feed, small cut deep. Such as: Ti6, select S400, F0.2, depth of 0.3mm. To process a part as an example: material for the K414, this material is a special hard material, after several tests, the final choice for the S360, F0.1, cut depth 0.2, before processing qualified parts.
Second, the knife skills
The knife is divided into a knife knife and a direct knife. I plant most of the lathe without knife, as a direct knife, the following knife skills for the direct knife.
First select the part of the right end of the center of the center point for the knife point, and set to zero, the machine back to the origin, each need to use the tool to the right side of the center of the tool for the zero point of the knife; tool contact to the right side of the input Z0 click measurement, The tool of the knife compensation value will automatically record the measured value inside, which means that the Z axis of the knife on the good, X knife for the test knife, with a small part of the tool car parts, measured by the car cylindrical value ( Such as x is 20mm) input x20, click the measurement, the tool will automatically record the value of the measured value, then the x-axis is also good; this knife method, even if the machine is powered off, the call will not change after the restart Knife value, can be applied to large quantities of long-term production of the same parts, during which the lathe does not need to re-knife.
Third, debugging skills
Parts in the compilation of the program, the need for a good knife after the test debugging, in order to prevent the program error and knife mistakes, resulting in collision accident, we should first empty trip simulation processing, in the machine coordinate system The tool to the right of the overall translation of the total length of parts 2 - 3 times; and then start the simulation process, after the completion of the simulation process to confirm the program and the correct knife, and then start processing parts, the first part of the processing is completed, the first self- , And then find full-time inspection and inspection, full-time inspection confirmed that after the end of this debugging.
Fourth, complete the processing of parts
Parts in the first piece of cut after the completion of the test, it is necessary to carry out mass production, but the first piece of qualified does not mean that the whole batch will be qualified, because in the processing process, due to the different materials will make the tool wear, Soft, the tool wear is small, the processing material is hard, the tool wears fast, so in the processing time, it is necessary to carry on the labor inspection, promptly increases and reduces the knife compensation value, guarantees the qualified part.
Take a part as an example, the processing material is K414, the total length of the processing is 180mm. Due to the special hardening of the material, the tool wear is very fast. From the starting point to the end point, the tool wear will produce a slight degree of 10-20mm, so we must The program man-made by adding 10 - 20mm slightly, so as to ensure the qualified parts.
In short, the basic principles of processing: the first rough, the workpiece excess material removed, and then finishing; processing should avoid the occurrence of vibration; to avoid the workpiece when the thermal denaturation, resulting in vibration there are many reasons, may be loaded Large, may be the resonance of the machine tool and the workpiece, or may be insufficient rigidity of the machine, it may be caused by the passivation of the tool, we can reduce the vibration by the following methods; reduce the lateral feed and processing depth, Whether the workpiece clamping is reliable, improve the speed of the tool to reduce the speed of the latter can reduce the resonance, in addition, to see if necessary to replace the new tool.
5, to prevent the collision of machine experience
Machine tool collision on the accuracy of the machine is a great deal of damage for different types of machine tools are not the same, in general, the impact of rigid machine is not strong. So for high-precision CNC lathes, the collision must be eliminated, as long as the operator carefully and grasp the anti-collision method, the collision is completely preventable and avoid.
The main reason for the collision occurred: First, the diameter of the tool and the length of the input error; Second, the size of the workpiece and other related geometric size input errors and the initial position of the workpiece positioning error; Third, the machine tool coordinate system set wrong , Or machine zero in the processing process is reset, and change, machine collision occurred in the machine moving rapidly in the process, this time the collision of the greatest harm should be absolutely avoided. So the operator should pay special attention to the machine in the initial stage of the implementation of the program and the machine in the replacement of the tool, this time once the program editing error, the tool diameter and length input error, then it is prone to collision. At the end of the program, the NC axis retracts the order of the error, then the collision may occur.
In order to avoid the collision, the operator in the operation of the machine, to give full play to the function of facial features, observe the machine with or without abnormal movements, with or without sparks, no noise and abnormal sound, with or without vibration, Found abnormal situation should immediately stop the program, until the machine is resolved, the machine can continue to work.
In short, master the operation of CNC machine tools is a gradual process, and can not be achieved overnight. It is based on the basic operation of the machine tool, based on the knowledge of machining and basic programming knowledge. CNC machine tool operation skills are not static, it is the operator needs to give full play to the imagination and practical ability of the organic combination, is an innovative work.
First, programming skills
Because I plant on the processing of products require a higher precision, so the programming need to consider the following issues:
1. Processing order of parts:
The first flat after drilling (which is to prevent drilling when the shrinkage);
First rough car, and then fine car (this is to ensure the accuracy of parts);
The first processing tolerances are large for the final machining tolerances (this is to ensure that the small tolerance surface is not scratched and the parts are deformed).
2. According to the hardness of the material to choose a reasonable speed, feed and cutting depth:
1) carbon steel material selection high speed, high feed, large cutting depth. Such as: 1Gr11, select S1600, F0.2, cut deep 2mm;
2) Carbide Select low speed, low feed, small cut deep. Such as: GH4033, select S800, F0.08, cut depth 0.5mm;
3) titanium alloy selection low speed, high feed, small cut deep. Such as: Ti6, select S400, F0.2, depth of 0.3mm. To process a part as an example: material for the K414, this material is a special hard material, after several tests, the final choice for the S360, F0.1, cut depth 0.2, before processing qualified parts.
Second, the knife skills
The knife is divided into a knife knife and a direct knife. I plant most of the lathe without knife, as a direct knife, the following knife skills for the direct knife.
First select the part of the right end of the center of the center point for the knife point, and set to zero, the machine back to the origin, each need to use the tool to the right side of the center of the tool for the zero point of the knife; tool contact to the right side of the input Z0 click measurement, The tool of the knife compensation value will automatically record the measured value inside, which means that the Z axis of the knife on the good, X knife for the test knife, with a small part of the tool car parts, measured by the car cylindrical value ( Such as x is 20mm) input x20, click the measurement, the tool will automatically record the value of the measured value, then the x-axis is also good; this knife method, even if the machine is powered off, the call will not change after the restart Knife value, can be applied to large quantities of long-term production of the same parts, during which the lathe does not need to re-knife.
Third, debugging skills
Parts in the compilation of the program, the need for a good knife after the test debugging, in order to prevent the program error and knife mistakes, resulting in collision accident, we should first empty trip simulation processing, in the machine coordinate system The tool to the right of the overall translation of the total length of parts 2 - 3 times; and then start the simulation process, after the completion of the simulation process to confirm the program and the correct knife, and then start processing parts, the first part of the processing is completed, the first self- , And then find full-time inspection and inspection, full-time inspection confirmed that after the end of this debugging.
Fourth, complete the processing of parts
Parts in the first piece of cut after the completion of the test, it is necessary to carry out mass production, but the first piece of qualified does not mean that the whole batch will be qualified, because in the processing process, due to the different materials will make the tool wear, Soft, the tool wear is small, the processing material is hard, the tool wears fast, so in the processing time, it is necessary to carry on the labor inspection, promptly increases and reduces the knife compensation value, guarantees the qualified part.
Take a part as an example, the processing material is K414, the total length of the processing is 180mm. Due to the special hardening of the material, the tool wear is very fast. From the starting point to the end point, the tool wear will produce a slight degree of 10-20mm, so we must The program man-made by adding 10 - 20mm slightly, so as to ensure the qualified parts.
In short, the basic principles of processing: the first rough, the workpiece excess material removed, and then finishing; processing should avoid the occurrence of vibration; to avoid the workpiece when the thermal denaturation, resulting in vibration there are many reasons, may be loaded Large, may be the resonance of the machine tool and the workpiece, or may be insufficient rigidity of the machine, it may be caused by the passivation of the tool, we can reduce the vibration by the following methods; reduce the lateral feed and processing depth, Whether the workpiece clamping is reliable, improve the speed of the tool to reduce the speed of the latter can reduce the resonance, in addition, to see if necessary to replace the new tool.
5, to prevent the collision of machine experience
Machine tool collision on the accuracy of the machine is a great deal of damage for different types of machine tools are not the same, in general, the impact of rigid machine is not strong. So for high-precision CNC lathes, the collision must be eliminated, as long as the operator carefully and grasp the anti-collision method, the collision is completely preventable and avoid.
The main reason for the collision occurred: First, the diameter of the tool and the length of the input error; Second, the size of the workpiece and other related geometric size input errors and the initial position of the workpiece positioning error; Third, the machine tool coordinate system set wrong , Or machine zero in the processing process is reset, and change, machine collision occurred in the machine moving rapidly in the process, this time the collision of the greatest harm should be absolutely avoided. So the operator should pay special attention to the machine in the initial stage of the implementation of the program and the machine in the replacement of the tool, this time once the program editing error, the tool diameter and length input error, then it is prone to collision. At the end of the program, the NC axis retracts the order of the error, then the collision may occur.
In order to avoid the collision, the operator in the operation of the machine, to give full play to the function of facial features, observe the machine with or without abnormal movements, with or without sparks, no noise and abnormal sound, with or without vibration, Found abnormal situation should immediately stop the program, until the machine is resolved, the machine can continue to work.
In short, master the operation of CNC machine tools is a gradual process, and can not be achieved overnight. It is based on the basic operation of the machine tool, based on the knowledge of machining and basic programming knowledge. CNC machine tool operation skills are not static, it is the operator needs to give full play to the imagination and practical ability of the organic combination, is an innovative work.
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